# JellyfinSyncPlus — Plan

## Problem

Jellyfin's built-in SyncPlay drifts noticeably when watching with remote friends
(tested with 2). Symptom: one participant is consistently ahead or behind the
others, not just momentarily but persistently.

## Root cause

Confirmed against known Jellyfin issues (jellyfin-web#6210, jellyfin#5557,
jellyfin#7579): when group members end up on different playback paths (one
Direct Plays, another transcodes -- due to codec/bitrate/device differences),
the transcoding client's decode/render pipeline runs measurably behind, and
pause/resume compounds the gap. SyncPlay's own resync mechanism (periodic hard
seeks) is also fragile and doesn't fully compensate.

Immediate mitigation (no code, do this first / always): check Dashboard ->
Active Sessions during a session and confirm all clients show Direct Play, not
Transcode. Force "Maximum/Original" quality on every client. Fully leave/rejoin
the SyncPlay group rather than trusting in-place resync.

## Why build something custom

Jellyfin's own SyncPlay is the only real option today -- nothing has superseded
it as of mid-2026. `jellyfin-mpv-shim` is actively maintained (now under the
official `jellyfin` GitHub org) but rides the same underlying SyncPlay protocol;
it only helps indirectly by avoiding transcode on capable devices. Standalone
`syncplay.pl` + Jellyfin direct-stream URLs is undocumented/unproven for this
use case. So: build a plugin that replaces SyncPlay's weak points rather than
switching tools.

## Architecture -- three pillars

### 1. Group quality negotiation (the easy piece)

On group formation, resolve each member's device capability/bitrate profile
(Jellyfin already does this per-client via its existing `GetPlaybackInfo` /
`DeviceProfile` negotiation -- reuse that logic, don't reinvent it) and pick the
most restrictive result across the whole group. Every member streams at that
one common profile.

### 2. Shared transcode (the hard, novel piece)

Problem with (1) alone: even at matched quality, N independently-running
ffmpeg transcode jobs (one per client, Jellyfin's default) have their own
segment boundaries and start offsets -- literally different encodes, which is
its own source of drift.

Jellyfin's `ITranscodeManager` ties one transcode job to one `PlaySessionId` by
design; there's no built-in dedup for identical (item, profile) requests.
Patching that is real core surgery -- **not** the v1 approach.

**Pragmatic v1: host-relay.** One group member is the "host" -- their session
transcodes/direct-plays completely normally, untouched. The plugin exposes a
relay API route that proxies the host's already-generated HLS
playlist/segments to the other group members, so everyone reads byte-identical
media without touching Jellyfin's transcode internals at all. Gets ~90% of the
benefit of true shared-session transcoding for a fraction of the engineering
risk.

### 3. Active drift correction (still needed even with #1 + #2)

Identical bytes doesn't mean identical render timing -- per-client network
fetch latency and decode speed still differ. Needed on top:

- **Virtual playhead as the single authority.** Server tracks
  `{position, wall-clock timestamp of that position, playing/paused, speed}`
  and computes `expected_position = last_position + (now - last_command_time)`.
  All clients (including the host) sync against this abstraction, never
  against each other -- avoids the host always looking "correct" to itself.
- **NTP-style clock calibration per client on join** -- ping/pong to estimate
  RTT and clock offset. Needed both for scheduling (below) and for correctly
  interpreting heartbeat reports.
- **Heartbeats + EMA-smoothed drift.** Each client reports its real
  player-engine position (not a fetch/buffer estimate) every 1-2s. Server
  diffs against the virtual playhead (RTT/2-adjusted) and smooths with an EMA
  filter rather than reacting to every raw sample.
- **Two-tier correction:**
  - Small drift (~150-300ms): nudge local playback rate briefly
    (1.0 -> ~1.02-1.05x or 0.97x) until closed -- imperceptible, no visible
    jump. (Same trick `syncplay.pl` uses for local-file sync.)
  - Large drift (~1.5-2s+, typically post-stall): hard-seek that client back
    onto the playhead instead -- speed-nudging alone would take too long and
    be noticeable.
- **Scheduled commands, not "do it now."** Play/pause/seek carry an absolute
  UTC execution timestamp; each client fires locally at exactly `T` using its
  calibrated offset, so message-delivery latency itself isn't a desync source.
- **Late joiners / reconnects** both reduce to: query current virtual
  playhead, buffer ahead until healthy, join via a scheduled seek to the
  interpolated position.

## Scope confirmed with user

- Disconnects, late joiners, seek/pause propagation: in scope for v1.
- Quality-profile picker menu (AVC-only override etc.): explicitly out of
  scope for the *bot* project (MR-Discord) but not discussed here -- this
  project only forces a common profile for sync purposes, doesn't add a UI
  picker.

## Target environment (real, not hypothetical)

- Jellyfin runs in the `entertainment` namespace of the user's k8s cluster,
  image `linuxserver/jellyfin:10.11.6` (pinned -- build the plugin against
  this exact server version's ABI).
- Config volume: hostPath PVC at `/mnt/redundant/k8s/jellyfin/config`
  (`jellyfin-config-pvc`, `jellyfin-config` StorageClass).
- Transcoding scratch: hostPath PVC at `/mnt/nvme/k8s/jellyfin/transcoding`
  (`jellyfin-transcoding-pvc`, currently on the `local-retain` StorageClass --
  scheduled for consolidation into `nvme-retain` in the separate,
  paused k8s/entertainment hardening plan, not part of this project).
  See [entertainment/base/jellyfin/deployment.yaml](../entertainment/base/jellyfin/deployment.yaml)
  and [entertainment/base/jellyfin/config-claim.yaml](../entertainment/base/jellyfin/config-claim.yaml).
- Deployed via ArgoCD, app name `entertainment`. **Does not auto-sync** --
  every deploy needs a manual
  `kubectl patch application entertainment -n argocd --type merge -p '{"operation":{"sync":{"revision":"HEAD"}}}'`
  (same pattern used for MR-Discord releases).
- Sibling project [MR-Discord](../MR-Discord) already has a working
  tag-push -> Gitea Actions -> build -> deploy pipeline against this same
  cluster; reuse that pattern for this project's releases once it's stable.

## Dev / test / iterate workflow

Two different loops -- do not conflate them:

1. **Fast dev loop (default, use this for almost everything):** run a
   throwaway local Jellyfin container (`docker run linuxserver/jellyfin:10.11.6`,
   same tag as prod -- avoids ABI surprises) with the plugins folder
   bind-mounted. Loop: `dotnet build` -> copy DLL into the mounted folder ->
   restart the local container -> check logs -> test. Jellyfin has no plugin
   hot-reload, so a restart is unavoidable per change, but a local container
   restart is seconds, not a k8s rollout.
2. **Milestone testing against the real pod (deliberate, ask first):** copy
   the built plugin into the real hostPath config dir on the node, then
   `kubectl rollout restart deployment/jellyfin -n entertainment`. This
   briefly interrupts the live, shared Jellyfin instance -- **do not do this
   routinely; only for actual multi-friend sync test sessions, and confirm
   with the user first.**
3. **Release distribution (later, once stable):** package as a versioned zip
   + `meta.json`, host a plugin-repository manifest via Gitea (raw file URLs
   or release attachments both work, Jellyfin just needs HTTP(S) access to
   the manifest + zip), add the repo URL in Jellyfin's dashboard. Mirrors
   MR-Discord's tag -> Gitea Actions -> build pipeline, just producing a
   plugin zip instead of a Docker image. Slow iteration loop -- not for
   development, only for shipping tested versions.

## Known friction / risks (flagged going in, not discovered later)

- **ABI/version pinning**: `meta.json`'s `targetAbi` must match the running
  server version. Already fine since the deployment is pinned to `10.11.6`,
  not floating -- build against that exact version's SDK.
- **Reaches past the stable plugin API.** SyncPlay group internals and
  transcode-session state aren't part of Jellyfin's published plugin SDK
  surface. Realistically requires building against Jellyfin server source at
  the matching tag (`git` checkout/submodule of `jellyfin/jellyfin` @
  `v10.11.6`) rather than just NuGet packages. This is closer to
  "semi-fork with a plugin wrapper" than a typical plugin -- sizing decisions
  should account for that.
- Host-relay approach (pillar 2) means the "host" member is a single point of
  failure for the group's stream -- needs a defined handoff/reselection
  behavior if the host disconnects mid-session (not just late-joiners).

## Rough phase breakdown

- **Phase 0 -- scaffold & dev loop.** `dotnet` plugin project scaffold against
  `Jellyfin.Controller` (or a source checkout of `jellyfin/jellyfin@v10.11.6`
  if the public SDK isn't sufficient), local docker dev Jellyfin with
  bind-mounted plugins folder, confirm a trivial "hello world" plugin loads
  and shows up in Dashboard -> Plugins.
- **Phase 1 -- group quality negotiation.** Hook group-join, resolve each
  member's device profile, compute the common lowest profile, verify against
  real device/browser combos.
- **Phase 2 -- host-relay shared transcode.** Custom API route serving the
  host session's HLS playlist/segments to other members; handle host
  disconnect/reselection.
- **Phase 3 -- active drift correction.** Virtual playhead, clock calibration,
  heartbeat + EMA, two-tier nudge/reseek correction, scheduled absolute-time
  commands.
- **Phase 4 -- disconnects, late joiners, seek/pause polish.**
- **Phase 5 -- packaging & release pipeline.** Gitea-hosted plugin repository
  manifest, versioned zip releases, mirroring MR-Discord's pipeline.

## Open questions (revisit before/at the relevant phase, not now)

- Exact client compatibility target for v1 -- web client only, or also
  `jellyfin-mpv-shim`/mobile apps? (Web client is simplest to control fully;
  others may need companion-side changes.)
- Host reselection policy on disconnect -- pick another member automatically,
  or pause the group and prompt?